Properties of cathode ray
👉 Cathode rays travel in straight lines. When an opaque object like a metal cross is placed in the path of cathode rays in a discharge tube, a shadow with sharp edgesof the metal cross is formed at the end opposite to the cathode. The placement of the shadow proves that cathode rays emit from the cathode and they travel in a straight line.
👉 Cathode rays are a beam of particles having mass and possess kinetic energy. On placing a light paddle wheel in the path of cathode rays in a discharge tube, the blades of the paddle wheel rotate. This was considered evidence that electrons (cathode rays) have momentum.(However there is doubt on this conclusion as heating of the tube can also make the paddles move.)
👉 When an electric field is applied in the path of cathode rays, they are deflected towards the positively charged plate. Hence the cathode rays are composed of negatively charged particles. They are affected by magnetic fields showing a deflection perpendicular to the magnetic field. The direction of deflection is similar to the deflection of any other negatively charged particles. Therefore electron can be concluded as a negatively charged particle too.
👉The nature of the cathode rays does not depend on the nature of the gas taken in the discharge tube or the material of the cathode.
👉The ratio of the charge to mass (e/m ratio) of cathode ray particles obtained from different gases was found to be exactly the same.
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